Rationality
Rationality is the disciplined pursuit of truth using reason and evidence.
Rationality refers to the quality of being based on or in accordance with reason or logic. It encompasses critical thinking, probabilistic reasoning, and the willingness to update beliefs based on evidence. Rational agents evaluate arguments, avoid common fallacies, and balance intuitions with formal methods.
Epistemology
The study of knowledge: how we know what we know.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge. It asks what knowledge is, how it is acquired, and the limits of human understanding. Key topics include justification, belief, skepticism, and the nature of evidence.
Logic
Logic studies valid inference and argument structure.
Logic examines the rules of valid reasoning. From formal systems like propositional and predicate logic to informal logical fallacies, logic provides tools for clarifying arguments, deriving conclusions, and detecting contradictions.